Estonia
Estonia is a high income economy in Europe & Central Asia, with its capital at Tallinn. 100.0% of its people had electricity in 2024.
- Electricity access
- 100.0%
- 2024, world 91.9%
- Renewable electricity
- 40.0%
- 2021, world 27.8%
- CO₂ per person
- 7.76 t
- 2024, world 4.69 t
- Consumption per person
- 6,161 kWh
- 2025, world 3,708 kWh
- Clean cooking
- 96.0%
- 2024, world 75.4%
- GDP per person
- 34,418
- 2025, world 14,406
Electricity generation mix
- Oil
- Coal
- Gas
- Hydro
- Nuclear
- Solar, wind & other
Estonia2025
Europe & Central Asia2025
World2025
View data table
| Economy | Oil | Coal | Gas | Hydro | Nuclear | Solar, wind & other | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estonia | 0.3% | 41.9% | 0.9% | 0.5% | 0.0% | 39.6% | 2025 |
| Europe & Central Asia | 1.1% | 10.7% | 17.6% | 16.4% | 18.6% | 17.2% | 2025 |
| World | 1.2% | 15.1% | 28.7% | 15.2% | 15.2% | 12.4% | 2025 |
Share of electricity production by source, latest year available. Shares may not sum to exactly 100% because of rounding and minor sources.
Access to electricity
% of population, compared with Europe & Central Asia and the world.
- Estonia
- World
- Europe & Central Asia
0%
50%
100%
EstoniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld View data table
| Year | Estonia | World | Europe & Central Asia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 100.0% | 91.9% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 100.0% | 91.6% | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 100.0% | 91.3% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 100.0% | 91.3% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 100.0% | 90.4% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 100.0% | 90.1% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 100.0% | 89.8% | 100.0% |
| 2017 | 100.0% | 88.9% | 100.0% |
| 2016 | 100.0% | 88.1% | 99.8% |
| 2015 | 100.0% | 86.9% | 99.2% |
| 2014 | 100.0% | 86.2% | 99.9% |
| 2013 | 100.0% | 85.7% | 99.8% |
| 2012 | 100.0% | 84.9% | 99.8% |
| 2011 | 100.0% | 84.5% | 99.7% |
| 2010 | 100.0% | 83.5% | 99.7% |
| 2009 | 100.0% | 82.9% | 99.5% |
| 2008 | 100.0% | 82.7% | 99.4% |
| 2007 | 100.0% | 82.0% | 99.4% |
| 2006 | 100.0% | 81.4% | 99.3% |
| 2005 | 100.0% | 80.7% | 99.3% |
| 2004 | 100.0% | 80.0% | 99.2% |
| 2003 | 100.0% | 80.0% | 99.2% |
| 2002 | 100.0% | 79.1% | 99.2% |
| 2001 | 100.0% | 78.7% | 99.2% |
| 2000 | 100.0% | 78.2% | 99.1% |
| 1999 | 100.0% | 74.5% | 99.9% |
| 1998 | 100.0% | 73.2% | 100.0% |
| 1997 | 100.0% | – | 100.0% |
| 1996 | 100.0% | – | 100.0% |
| 1995 | 100.0% | – | 100.0% |
Emissions
CO₂ per person, tonnes, excluding land use.
- Estonia
- World
- Europe & Central Asia
0 t
5 t
10 t
15 t
20 t
EstoniaEurope & Central AsiaWorld View data table
| Year | Estonia | World | Europe & Central Asia |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 7.76 t | 4.69 t | 6.62 t |
| 2023 | 8.37 t | 4.68 t | 6.63 t |
| 2022 | 11.13 t | 4.67 t | 6.85 t |
| 2021 | 9.71 t | 4.68 t | 7.09 t |
| 2020 | 9.13 t | 4.47 t | 6.62 t |
| 2019 | 11.65 t | 4.70 t | 7.04 t |
| 2018 | 17.89 t | 4.73 t | 7.25 t |
| 2017 | 16.67 t | 4.67 t | 7.27 t |
| 2016 | 15.65 t | 4.65 t | 7.20 t |
| 2015 | 15.98 t | 4.70 t | 7.23 t |
| 2014 | 17.31 t | 4.78 t | 7.27 t |
| 2013 | 17.93 t | 4.81 t | 7.61 t |
| 2012 | 16.05 t | 4.77 t | 7.82 t |
| 2011 | 16.83 t | 4.76 t | 7.92 t |
| 2010 | 16.69 t | 4.67 t | 7.92 t |
| 2009 | 13.07 t | 4.45 t | 7.62 t |
| 2008 | 15.62 t | 4.56 t | 8.28 t |
| 2007 | 17.18 t | 4.59 t | 8.41 t |
| 2006 | 14.43 t | 4.48 t | 8.43 t |
| 2005 | 14.81 t | 4.39 t | 8.31 t |
| 2004 | 14.71 t | 4.28 t | 8.35 t |
| 2003 | 14.27 t | 4.15 t | 8.36 t |
| 2002 | 12.70 t | 4.02 t | 8.10 t |
| 2001 | 13.15 t | 4.01 t | 8.12 t |
| 2000 | 12.76 t | 4.01 t | 8.08 t |
| 1999 | 12.53 t | 3.95 t | 8.00 t |
| 1998 | 13.71 t | 3.98 t | 8.05 t |
| 1997 | 15.13 t | 4.02 t | 8.05 t |
| 1996 | 15.28 t | 4.01 t | 8.34 t |
| 1995 | 14.34 t | 3.99 t | 8.36 t |
Currency
0.8952 EUR
per US dollar, mid-market reference. 1 EUR = ₦1,487.39
Sunshine in Tallinn
1.4 kWh/m² today
- Tu1.4 kWh per square metre
- We0.4 kWh per square metre
- Th1.2 kWh per square metre
- Fr1.0 kWh per square metre
- Sa1.2 kWh per square metre
- Su2.0 kWh per square metre
- Mo2.0 kWh per square metre
Open-Meteo forecast, modelled irradiation.
Power plants
Installed capacity by fuel
17 plants, 2,542 MW recorded in WRI’s Global Power Plant Database.
- Oil1,841 MW
- Gas423 MW
- Wind278 MW
Snapshot as of the database’s 2021 release; newer plants are not included. Nameplate capacity, not available generation.
Largest plants
| Plant | Fuel | MW | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eesti Elektrijaam | Oil | 1,369 | – |
| Balti Eleketrijaam | Oil | 472 | – |
| Kiisa AREJ 2 | Gas | 250 | – |
| IRU Elektrijaam | Gas | 173 | – |
| Aulepa | Wind | 48 | 2009 |
| Paldiski | Wind | 45 | 2012 |
| Narva Ashfield Wind park | Wind | 39 | 2012 |
| Tooma-Esviere Wind Park | Wind | 36 | – |
| Aseriaru | Wind | 24 | 2011 |
| Viru Nigula | Wind | 24 | 2007 |
| Pakri | Wind | 18 | 2005 |
| Mali | Wind | 12 | 2014 |
All indicators
Estonia in numbers
Energy access
| Indicator | Estonia | Year | Europe & Central Asia | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0% | 2024 | 100.0% | 91.9% |
| Access to electricity, rural % of rural population | 100.0% | 2024 | 100.0% | 84.9% |
| Access to electricity, urban % of urban population | 100.0% | 2024 | 100.0% | 97.8% |
| Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking % of population | 96.0% | 2024 | 98.3% | 75.4% |
Power supply and mix
| Indicator | Estonia | Year | Europe & Central Asia | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from coal % of total | 41.9% | 2025 | 10.7% | 15.1% |
| Electricity production from natural gas % of total | 0.9% | 2025 | 17.6% | 28.7% |
| Electricity production from oil % of total | 0.3% | 2025 | 1.1% | 1.2% |
| Electricity production from nuclear % of total | 0.0% | 2021 | 18.6% | 15.2% |
| Electricity production from hydroelectric sources % of total | 0.5% | 2025 | 16.4% | 15.2% |
| Electric power transmission and distribution losses % of output | 18.4% | 2025 | 7.4% | 6.9% |
| Electric power consumption per capita kWh per capita | 6,161 kWh | 2025 | 5,493 kWh | 3,708 kWh |
Energy transition
| Indicator | Estonia | Year | Europe & Central Asia | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from renewables, excluding hydro % of total | 39.6% | 2021 | 17.2% | 12.4% |
| Renewable electricity output % of total electricity output | 40.0% | 2021 | 34.4% | 27.8% |
| Renewable energy consumption % of total final energy consumption | 38.0% | 2021 | 15.1% | 19.7% |
| CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding LULUCF) t CO₂e per capita | 7.76 t | 2024 | 6.62 t | 4.69 t |
| CO₂ emissions, total (excluding LULUCF) Mt CO₂e | 10.6 Mt | 2024 | 6,082.4 Mt | 39,632.7 Mt |
| Energy intensity of primary energy MJ per $2017 PPP GDP | 4.12 MJ/$ | 2022 | 2.58 MJ/$ | 4.54 MJ/$ |
Energy economy
| Indicator | Estonia | Year | Europe & Central Asia | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 7.6% | 2025 | 6.3% | 9.5% |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.96% | 2021 | 1.07% | 1.36% |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00% | 2021 | 0.63% | 0.52% |
| GDP per capita current US$ | 34,418 | 2025 | 34,603 | 14,406 |
| Population, total people | 1.4M | 2025 | 932.5M | 8.2B |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0). Latest year available per series.
More in Europe & Central Asia
- Albania
- Andorra
- Armenia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Channel Islands
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Czechia
- Denmark
- Faroe Islands
- Finland
- France
- Georgia
- Germany
- Gibraltar
- Greece
- Greenland
- Hungary
- Iceland