Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a low-income economy in Sub-Saharan Africa, with its capital at Addis Ababa. 56.6% of its people had electricity in 2024.
- Electricity access
- 56.6%
- 2024, world 91.9%
- Renewable electricity
- 95.3%
- 2020, world 27.8%
- CO₂ per person
- 0.15 t
- 2024, world 4.69 t
- Consumption per person
- 157 kWh
- 2024, world 3,708 kWh
- Clean cooking
- 7.0%
- 2024, world 75.4%
- GDP per person
- 933
- 2025, world 14,406
Electricity generation mix
- Oil
- Coal
- Gas
- Hydro
- Nuclear
- Solar, wind & other
Ethiopia2024
Sub-Saharan Africa2024
World2024
View data table
| Economy | Oil | Coal | Gas | Hydro | Nuclear | Solar, wind & other | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethiopia | 0.0% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 97.1% | 0.0% | 6.0% | 2024 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 5.0% | 42.9% | 14.0% | 29.9% | 2.5% | 4.3% | 2024 |
| World | 2.3% | 34.5% | 21.9% | 14.6% | 9.8% | 12.4% | 2024 |
Share of electricity production by source, latest year available. Shares may not sum to exactly 100% because of rounding and minor sources.
Access to electricity
% of population, compared with Sub-Saharan Africa and the world.
- Ethiopia
- World
- Sub-Saharan Africa
0%
50%
100%
WorldEthiopiaSub-Saharan Africa View data table
| Year | Ethiopia | World | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 56.6% | 91.9% | 55.1% |
| 2023 | 55.4% | 91.6% | 53.3% |
| 2022 | 55.0% | 91.3% | 51.5% |
| 2021 | 54.2% | 91.3% | 50.7% |
| 2020 | 51.1% | 90.4% | 48.5% |
| 2019 | 48.0% | 90.1% | 47.2% |
| 2018 | 44.8% | 89.8% | 46.4% |
| 2017 | 44.3% | 88.9% | 43.8% |
| 2016 | 42.9% | 88.1% | 43.8% |
| 2015 | 29.0% | 86.9% | 39.2% |
| 2014 | 27.2% | 86.2% | 38.4% |
| 2013 | 30.8% | 85.7% | 38.0% |
| 2012 | 29.0% | 84.9% | 36.8% |
| 2011 | 23.0% | 84.5% | 35.9% |
| 2010 | 25.5% | 83.5% | 33.3% |
| 2009 | 23.7% | 82.9% | 32.6% |
| 2008 | 22.0% | 82.7% | 32.4% |
| 2007 | 20.3% | 82.0% | 32.5% |
| 2006 | 18.6% | 81.4% | 31.2% |
| 2005 | 14.0% | 80.7% | 29.4% |
| 2004 | 15.2% | 80.0% | 29.4% |
| 2003 | 13.5% | 80.0% | 29.6% |
| 2002 | 11.9% | 79.1% | 27.3% |
| 2001 | 10.2% | 78.7% | 26.2% |
| 2000 | 12.7% | 78.2% | 25.7% |
| 1999 | – | 74.5% | 30.1% |
| 1998 | – | 73.2% | 28.6% |
| 1997 | – | – | 28.4% |
| 1996 | – | – | 28.5% |
Energy production and use
| Measure | Latest | Year | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oil consumption | 104 thousand b/d | 2024 | 80 of 216 |
| Coal production | 1.1 million tonnes | 2024 | 50 of 67 |
| Electricity generation | 16.6 TWh | 2024 | 90 of 211 |
| Renewable generation | 16.6 TWh | 2024 | 52 of 206 |
| Primary energy consumption | 0.31 quad Btu | 2024 | 87 of 215 |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics.
Power generation, 2025
Ethiopia generated 33.4 TWh of electricity in 2025, 100% of it from low-carbon sources, at 23 grams of CO₂ per kWh.
Source: Ember, yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0).
Ethiopia in world rankings
- Oil consumption#79 of 203
- Coal production#49 of 66
- Electricity generation#89 of 202
- Renewable generation#51 of 200
- Primary energy consumption#86 of 203
- Clean electricity share#6 of 190
- Grid carbon intensity#2 of 190
- Solar share of electricity#166 of 169
- Wind share of electricity#65 of 103
- Hydro share of electricity#4 of 140
Emissions
CO₂ per person, tonnes, excluding land use.
- Ethiopia
- World
- Sub-Saharan Africa
0 t
2 t
4 t
6 t
WorldSub-Saharan AfricaEthiopia View data table
| Year | Ethiopia | World | Sub-Saharan Africa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 0.15 t | 4.69 t | 0.70 t |
| 2023 | 0.15 t | 4.68 t | 0.70 t |
| 2022 | 0.15 t | 4.67 t | 0.72 t |
| 2021 | 0.16 t | 4.68 t | 0.75 t |
| 2020 | 0.15 t | 4.47 t | 0.73 t |
| 2019 | 0.16 t | 4.70 t | 0.79 t |
| 2018 | 0.16 t | 4.73 t | 0.80 t |
| 2017 | 0.14 t | 4.67 t | 0.80 t |
| 2016 | 0.15 t | 4.65 t | 0.81 t |
| 2015 | 0.13 t | 4.70 t | 0.82 t |
| 2014 | 0.12 t | 4.78 t | 0.86 t |
| 2013 | 0.11 t | 4.81 t | 0.85 t |
| 2012 | 0.09 t | 4.77 t | 0.82 t |
| 2011 | 0.09 t | 4.76 t | 0.82 t |
| 2010 | 0.08 t | 4.67 t | 0.84 t |
| 2009 | 0.08 t | 4.45 t | 0.82 t |
| 2008 | 0.08 t | 4.56 t | 0.89 t |
| 2007 | 0.08 t | 4.59 t | 0.86 t |
| 2006 | 0.07 t | 4.48 t | 0.86 t |
| 2005 | 0.07 t | 4.39 t | 0.89 t |
| 2004 | 0.08 t | 4.28 t | 0.89 t |
| 2003 | 0.07 t | 4.15 t | 0.86 t |
| 2002 | 0.07 t | 4.02 t | 0.84 t |
| 2001 | 0.07 t | 4.01 t | 0.85 t |
| 2000 | 0.06 t | 4.01 t | 0.85 t |
| 1999 | 0.05 t | 3.95 t | 0.85 t |
| 1998 | 0.06 t | 3.98 t | 0.89 t |
| 1997 | 0.05 t | 4.02 t | 0.91 t |
| 1996 | 0.05 t | 4.01 t | 0.90 t |
| 1995 | 0.05 t | 3.99 t | 0.87 t |
Currency
161.49 ETB
per US dollar, mid-market reference. 1 ETB = ₦8.244
Sunshine in Addis Ababa
6.6 kWh/m² today
- We6.6 kWh per square metre
- Th5.7 kWh per square metre
- Fr6.4 kWh per square metre
- Sa6.7 kWh per square metre
- Su6.8 kWh per square metre
- Mo7.2 kWh per square metre
- Tu7.0 kWh per square metre
Open-Meteo forecast, modelled irradiation.
Power plants
Installed capacity by fuel
13 plants, 4,024 MW recorded in WRI’s Global Power Plant Database.
- Hydro3,813 MW
- Wind204 MW
- Geothermal7 MW
Snapshot as of the database’s 2021 release; newer plants are not included. Nameplate capacity, not available generation.
Largest plants
| Plant | Fuel | MW | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gilgel Gibe III | Hydro | 1,870 | 2015 |
| Beles | Hydro | 460 | 2010 |
| Gilgel Gibe II | Hydro | 420 | 2010 |
| Tekeze | Hydro | 300 | 2009 |
| Adama | Wind | 204 | – |
| Gilgel Gibe I | Hydro | 184 | 2004 |
| Melka Wekana | Hydro | 153 | 1983 |
| Fincha | Hydro | 134 | 1973 |
| Fincha Amerti Nesha | Hydro | 100 | 2011 |
| Tis Abay I | Hydro | 84 | – |
| Awash II | Hydro | 64 | 1996 |
| Koka | Hydro | 43 | 1960 |
All indicators
Ethiopia in numbers
Energy access
| Indicator | Ethiopia | Year | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access to electricity % of population | 56.6% | 2024 | 55.1% | 91.9% |
| Access to electricity, rural % of rural population | 44.8% | 2024 | 35.7% | 84.9% |
| Access to electricity, urban % of urban population | 95.1% | 2024 | 82.9% | 97.8% |
| Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking % of population | 7.0% | 2024 | 22.9% | 75.4% |
Power supply and mix
| Indicator | Ethiopia | Year | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from coal % of total | 0.0% | 2021 | 42.9% | 34.5% |
| Electricity production from natural gas % of total | 0.0% | 2021 | 14.0% | 21.9% |
| Electricity production from oil % of total | 0.0% | 2024 | 5.0% | 2.3% |
| Electricity production from nuclear % of total | 0.0% | 2021 | 2.5% | 9.8% |
| Electricity production from hydroelectric sources % of total | 97.1% | 2024 | 29.9% | 14.6% |
| Electric power transmission and distribution losses % of output | 20.7% | 2024 | 13.4% | 6.9% |
| Electric power consumption per capita kWh per capita | 157 kWh | 2024 | 380 kWh | 3,708 kWh |
Energy transition
| Indicator | Ethiopia | Year | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from renewables, excluding hydro % of total | 6.0% | 2021 | 4.3% | 12.4% |
| Renewable electricity output % of total electricity output | 95.3% | 2020 | 32.6% | 27.8% |
| Renewable energy consumption % of total final energy consumption | 90.6% | 2021 | 70.3% | 19.7% |
| CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding LULUCF) t CO₂e per capita | 0.15 t | 2024 | 0.70 t | 4.69 t |
| CO₂ emissions, total (excluding LULUCF) Mt CO₂e | 19.4 Mt | 2024 | 896.3 Mt | 39,632.7 Mt |
| Energy intensity of primary energy MJ per $2017 PPP GDP | 6.79 MJ/$ | 2021 | 6.14 MJ/$ | 4.54 MJ/$ |
Energy economy
| Indicator | Ethiopia | Year | Sub-Saharan Africa | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 0.0% | 2023 | 40.9% | 9.5% |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.00% | 2021 | 3.80% | 1.36% |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.00% | 2021 | 0.49% | 0.52% |
| GDP per capita current US$ | 933 | 2025 | 1,673 | 14,406 |
| Population, total people | 135.5M | 2025 | 1.3B | 8.2B |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0). Latest year available per series.