Thailand
Thailand is an upper-middle-income economy in East Asia & Pacific, with its capital at Bangkok. 100.0% of its people had electricity in 2024.
- Electricity access
- 100.0%
- 2024, world 91.9%
- Renewable electricity
- 19.9%
- 2021, world 27.8%
- CO₂ per person
- 3.96 t
- 2024, world 4.69 t
- Consumption per person
- 3,080 kWh
- 2024, world 3,708 kWh
- Clean cooking
- 88.0%
- 2024, world 75.4%
- GDP per person
- 8,057
- 2025, world 14,406
Electricity generation mix
- Oil
- Coal
- Gas
- Hydro
- Nuclear
- Solar, wind & other
Thailand2024
East Asia & Pacific2024
World2024
View data table
| Economy | Oil | Coal | Gas | Hydro | Nuclear | Solar, wind & other | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thailand | 0.2% | 15.5% | 66.8% | 3.3% | 0.0% | 17.3% | 2024 |
| East Asia & Pacific | 0.5% | 53.1% | 9.9% | 12.8% | 5.5% | 12.0% | 2024 |
| World | 2.3% | 34.5% | 21.9% | 14.6% | 9.8% | 12.4% | 2024 |
Share of electricity production by source, latest year available. Shares may not sum to exactly 100% because of rounding and minor sources.
Access to electricity
% of population, compared with East Asia & Pacific and the world.
- Thailand
- World
- East Asia & Pacific
0%
50%
100%
ThailandEast Asia & PacificWorld View data table
| Year | Thailand | World | East Asia & Pacific |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 100.0% | 91.9% | 98.6% |
| 2023 | 100.0% | 91.6% | 98.4% |
| 2022 | 99.9% | 91.3% | 98.2% |
| 2021 | 100.0% | 91.3% | 98.2% |
| 2020 | 100.0% | 90.4% | 97.8% |
| 2019 | 99.9% | 90.1% | 97.9% |
| 2018 | 99.8% | 89.8% | 97.7% |
| 2017 | 99.9% | 88.9% | 97.7% |
| 2016 | 99.9% | 88.1% | 97.0% |
| 2015 | 99.6% | 86.9% | 97.0% |
| 2014 | 99.5% | 86.2% | 96.6% |
| 2013 | 99.4% | 85.7% | 96.5% |
| 2012 | 99.1% | 84.9% | 96.2% |
| 2011 | 99.3% | 84.5% | 96.0% |
| 2010 | 99.7% | 83.5% | 95.5% |
| 2009 | 99.0% | 82.9% | 95.0% |
| 2008 | 94.8% | 82.7% | 95.2% |
| 2007 | 94.1% | 82.0% | 94.7% |
| 2006 | 99.1% | 81.4% | 94.6% |
| 2005 | 92.8% | 80.7% | 93.6% |
| 2004 | 92.2% | 80.0% | 94.0% |
| 2003 | 91.6% | 80.0% | 93.2% |
| 2002 | 91.0% | 79.1% | 93.0% |
| 2001 | 90.4% | 78.7% | 92.5% |
| 2000 | 82.1% | 78.2% | 92.1% |
| 1999 | – | 74.5% | – |
| 1998 | – | 73.2% | – |
Energy production and use
| Measure | Latest | Year | World rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude oil production | 162 thousand b/d | 2025 | 38 of 99 |
| Oil consumption | 1,372 thousand b/d | 2024 | 17 of 216 |
| Gas production | 27.0 bcm | 2024 | 25 of 97 |
| Gas consumption | 45.4 bcm | 2024 | 24 of 126 |
| Coal production | 12.8 million tonnes | 2024 | 25 of 67 |
| Electricity generation | 206 TWh | 2024 | 24 of 211 |
| Renewable generation | 36.2 TWh | 2024 | 36 of 206 |
| Primary energy consumption | 5.44 quad Btu | 2024 | 19 of 215 |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics.
Power generation, 2025
Thailand generated 200 TWh of electricity in 2025, 22% of it from low-carbon sources, at 526 grams of CO₂ per kWh.
Source: Ember, yearly electricity data (CC BY 4.0).
Thailand in world rankings
- Crude oil production#38 of 98
- Oil consumption#17 of 203
- Natural gas production#25 of 96
- Natural gas consumption#24 of 125
- Coal production#25 of 66
- Electricity generation#23 of 202
- Renewable generation#36 of 200
- Primary energy consumption#19 of 203
- Clean electricity share#125 of 190
- Grid carbon intensity#117 of 190
- Solar share of electricity#83 of 169
- Wind share of electricity#74 of 103
- Hydro share of electricity#116 of 140
- Gas share of electricity#34 of 114
- Coal share of electricity#40 of 79
Emissions
CO₂ per person, tonnes, excluding land use.
- Thailand
- World
- East Asia & Pacific
0 t
2 t
4 t
6 t
8 t
East Asia & PacificWorldThailand View data table
| Year | Thailand | World | East Asia & Pacific |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 3.96 t | 4.69 t | 7.35 t |
| 2023 | 3.84 t | 4.68 t | 7.28 t |
| 2022 | 3.96 t | 4.67 t | 7.06 t |
| 2021 | 3.74 t | 4.68 t | 7.06 t |
| 2020 | 3.85 t | 4.47 t | 6.80 t |
| 2019 | 4.01 t | 4.70 t | 6.85 t |
| 2018 | 3.88 t | 4.73 t | 6.73 t |
| 2017 | 3.95 t | 4.67 t | 6.51 t |
| 2016 | 3.92 t | 4.65 t | 6.41 t |
| 2015 | 3.99 t | 4.70 t | 6.43 t |
| 2014 | 3.88 t | 4.78 t | 6.52 t |
| 2013 | 3.95 t | 4.81 t | 6.52 t |
| 2012 | 3.81 t | 4.77 t | 6.34 t |
| 2011 | 3.58 t | 4.76 t | 6.22 t |
| 2010 | 3.59 t | 4.67 t | 5.82 t |
| 2009 | 3.41 t | 4.45 t | 5.40 t |
| 2008 | 3.53 t | 4.56 t | 5.20 t |
| 2007 | 3.54 t | 4.59 t | 5.15 t |
| 2006 | 3.50 t | 4.48 t | 4.85 t |
| 2005 | 3.47 t | 4.39 t | 4.55 t |
| 2004 | 3.38 t | 4.28 t | 4.21 t |
| 2003 | 3.13 t | 4.15 t | 3.86 t |
| 2002 | 3.04 t | 4.02 t | 3.54 t |
| 2001 | 2.88 t | 4.01 t | 3.38 t |
| 2000 | 2.77 t | 4.01 t | 3.29 t |
| 1999 | 2.80 t | 3.95 t | 3.18 t |
| 1998 | 2.71 t | 3.98 t | 3.19 t |
| 1997 | 3.09 t | 4.02 t | 3.24 t |
| 1996 | 3.07 t | 4.01 t | 3.19 t |
| 1995 | 2.77 t | 3.99 t | 3.20 t |
Currency
33.58 THB
per US dollar, mid-market reference. 1 THB = ₦39.65
Sunshine in Bangkok
3.6 kWh/m² today
- We3.6 kWh per square metre
- Th4.0 kWh per square metre
- Fr5.4 kWh per square metre
- Sa4.2 kWh per square metre
- Su3.7 kWh per square metre
- Mo4.3 kWh per square metre
- Tu5.0 kWh per square metre
Open-Meteo forecast, modelled irradiation.
Power plants
Installed capacity by fuel
196 plants, 39,654 MW recorded in WRI’s Global Power Plant Database.
- Gas28,959 MW
- Coal5,260 MW
- Hydro3,788 MW
- Solar1,349 MW
- Wind210 MW
- Biomass89 MW
Snapshot as of the database’s 2021 release; newer plants are not included. Nameplate capacity, not available generation.
Largest plants
| Plant | Fuel | MW | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bang Pakong | Gas | 4,384 | – |
| Ratchaburi (RATCHGEN) | Gas | 3,645 | – |
| Mae Mah | Coal | 2,400 | 1995 |
| Wang Noi | Gas | 2,027 | – |
| South Bangkok | Gas | 1,691 | 1971 |
| Nong Saeng | Gas | 1,600 | 2014 |
| Rojana Power Plant 1 | Gas | 1,600 | 2015 |
| Chana | Gas | 1,531 | – |
| Kaeng Khoi 2 | Gas | 1,468 | 2008 |
| Ratchaburi Power (RPCL) | Gas | 1,400 | 2008 |
| BLCP Power | Coal | 1,346 | 2007 |
| Rayong | Gas | 1,232 | 1994 |
All indicators
Thailand in numbers
Energy access
| Indicator | Thailand | Year | East Asia & Pacific | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Access to electricity % of population | 100.0% | 2024 | 98.6% | 91.9% |
| Access to electricity, rural % of rural population | 100.0% | 2024 | 97.3% | 84.9% |
| Access to electricity, urban % of urban population | 100.0% | 2024 | 99.9% | 97.8% |
| Access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking % of population | 88.0% | 2024 | 87.0% | 75.4% |
Power supply and mix
| Indicator | Thailand | Year | East Asia & Pacific | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from coal % of total | 15.5% | 2024 | 53.1% | 34.5% |
| Electricity production from natural gas % of total | 66.8% | 2024 | 9.9% | 21.9% |
| Electricity production from oil % of total | 0.2% | 2024 | 0.5% | 2.3% |
| Electricity production from nuclear % of total | 0.0% | 2021 | 5.5% | 9.8% |
| Electricity production from hydroelectric sources % of total | 3.3% | 2024 | 12.8% | 14.6% |
| Electric power transmission and distribution losses % of output | 7.0% | 2024 | 3.9% | 6.9% |
| Electric power consumption per capita kWh per capita | 3,080 kWh | 2024 | 5,715 kWh | 3,708 kWh |
Energy transition
| Indicator | Thailand | Year | East Asia & Pacific | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity production from renewables, excluding hydro % of total | 17.3% | 2021 | 12.0% | 12.4% |
| Renewable electricity output % of total electricity output | 19.9% | 2021 | 25.9% | 27.8% |
| Renewable energy consumption % of total final energy consumption | 19.0% | 2021 | 14.8% | 19.7% |
| CO₂ emissions per capita (excluding LULUCF) t CO₂e per capita | 3.96 t | 2024 | 7.35 t | 4.69 t |
| CO₂ emissions, total (excluding LULUCF) Mt CO₂e | 283.8 Mt | 2024 | 17,388.8 Mt | 39,632.7 Mt |
| Energy intensity of primary energy MJ per $2017 PPP GDP | 4.44 MJ/$ | 2021 | 5.23 MJ/$ | 4.54 MJ/$ |
Energy economy
| Indicator | Thailand | Year | East Asia & Pacific | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel exports % of merchandise exports | 2.4% | 2025 | 4.2% | 9.5% |
| Oil rents % of GDP | 0.48% | 2021 | 0.27% | 1.36% |
| Natural gas rents % of GDP | 0.94% | 2021 | 0.33% | 0.52% |
| GDP per capita current US$ | 8,057 | 2025 | 14,077 | 14,406 |
| Population, total people | 71.6M | 2025 | 2.4B | 8.2B |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0). Latest year available per series.